Acetylpyrazine CAS 22047-25-2： Everything You Need to Know About This Compound

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Acetylpyrazine, a compound with the CAS number 22047-25-2. It delves into the chemical properties, synthesis methods, applications, health effects, and safety considerations associated with this compound. By exploring these aspects, the article aims to offer a detailed understanding of Acetylpyrazine and its significance in various fields.

Introduction to Acetylpyrazine

Acetylpyrazine, also known as 2-acetylpyrazine, is a chemical compound with the CAS number 22047-25-2. It belongs to the pyrazine family, which is characterized by its five-membered ring structure containing two nitrogen atoms. Acetylpyrazine is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties and applications. This article will explore the various aspects of Acetylpyrazine, including its chemical properties, synthesis methods, and applications.

Chemical Properties of Acetylpyrazine

Acetylpyrazine has a molecular formula of C₄H₄N₂O and a molecular weight of 92.10 g/mol. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Acetylpyrazine has a melting point of 73-75°C and a boiling point of 224-226°C. It is also known for its distinctive smell, which is often described as resembling that of roasted coffee or peanuts.

The chemical structure of Acetylpyrazine consists of a pyrazine ring with an acetyl group attached to one of the nitrogen atoms. This structure contributes to its unique properties and makes it a versatile compound in various applications.

Synthesis of Acetylpyrazine

Acetylpyrazine can be synthesized through several methods, including the Knoevenagel condensation, the Biginelli reaction, and the reaction of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole with acetic anhydride. The Knoevenagel condensation involves the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a β-ketoester or β-ketoamide in the presence of a base, resulting in the formation of Acetylpyrazine.

The Biginelli reaction is another common method for synthesizing Acetylpyrazine, which involves the reaction of malononitrile, an aldehyde, and urea in the presence of an acid catalyst. This reaction yields Acetylpyrazine along with other pyrazine derivatives.

The reaction of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole with acetic anhydride is another synthetic route for Acetylpyrazine. This method involves the acetylation of the pyrazole ring, resulting in the formation of Acetylpyrazine.

Applications of Acetylpyrazine

Acetylpyrazine finds extensive use in various industries due to its unique properties. One of the primary applications of Acetylpyrazine is in the food and flavor industry. It is used as a flavoring agent in baked goods, confectionery, and processed meats, where it imparts a roasted or nutty flavor.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Acetylpyrazine is used as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. It is also used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations to prevent degradation of active ingredients.

Additionally, Acetylpyrazine has applications in the agricultural sector, where it is used as a fungicide and herbicide. Its ability to disrupt the cell membranes of fungi and plants makes it an effective control agent for various plant diseases.

Health Effects of Acetylpyrazine

Acetylpyrazine is considered safe for consumption in small quantities. However, exposure to high levels of Acetylpyrazine can have adverse health effects. It has been found to be a potential carcinogen in animals, although the evidence for its carcinogenicity in humans is limited.

Ingestion of large amounts of Acetylpyrazine can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long-term exposure to high levels of Acetylpyrazine may also lead to liver and kidney damage.

Safety Considerations and Regulations

To ensure the safe use of Acetylpyrazine, various regulations and guidelines have been established. These regulations aim to limit the exposure of humans and the environment to Acetylpyrazine and its derivatives.

In the food industry, the use of Acetylpyrazine as a flavoring agent is regulated by food safety authorities. The maximum allowable levels of Acetylpyrazine in food products are set to ensure that consumers are not exposed to harmful levels.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Acetylpyrazine is subject to strict quality control measures to ensure its purity and safety. Manufacturers are required to comply with regulatory standards to ensure that the final product is safe for use.

Conclusion

Acetylpyrazine, with the CAS number 22047-25-2, is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of Acetylpyrazine, covering its chemical properties, synthesis methods, applications, health effects, and safety considerations. Understanding these aspects is crucial for its safe and effective use in various industries.

Keywords: Acetylpyrazine, CAS 22047-25-2, chemical properties, synthesis, applications, health effects, safety considerations