4′-Hydroxyacetophenone CAS 99-93-4： Everything You Need to Know About This Compound

Abstract

This article provides an in-depth overview of 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone, a compound with the CAS number 99-93-4. It delves into its chemical properties, synthesis methods, applications, health and safety considerations, environmental impact, and regulatory status. By exploring these aspects, the article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of this compound and its significance in various fields.

Introduction to 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone

4′-Hydroxyacetophenone, also known as 4-hydroxyacetophenone, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H8O2. It is a white crystalline solid that is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organic compounds. This compound is characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group and an acetophenone moiety, which contribute to its unique chemical properties and applications.

Chemical Properties

4′-Hydroxyacetophenone is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and ether. It has a melting point of approximately 69-70°C and a boiling point of around 300°C. The compound is slightly acidic in nature, with a pKa value of around 8.5. These properties make it suitable for various chemical reactions and applications.

Synthesis Methods

The synthesis of 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone can be achieved through several methods, including:

1. **Knoevenagel Condensation**: This method involves the reaction of acetone with an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a base, followed by hydrolysis to introduce the hydroxyl group.
2. **Reimer-Tiemann Reaction**: This reaction involves the conversion of an aromatic amine into a nitro compound, which is then reduced to the corresponding hydroxyl compound.
3. **Oxidation of 4-Methoxyacetophenone**: The oxidation of 4-methoxyacetophenone using a suitable oxidizing agent yields 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone.

Each of these methods has its advantages and limitations, and the choice of synthesis route depends on the desired scale of production and specific requirements.

Applications

4′-Hydroxyacetophenone finds applications in various industries, including:

1. **Pharmaceuticals**: It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of several drugs, including analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory agents.
2. **Dyes and Pigments**: The compound is used in the production of dyes and pigments due to its ability to undergo various chemical transformations.
3. **Flavor and Fragrance**: It is employed in the synthesis of flavor and fragrance compounds, contributing to the aroma and taste of various products.

Health and Safety Considerations

4′-Hydroxyacetophenone is considered hazardous and requires proper handling and storage. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Ingestion or inhalation of the compound can lead to more severe health effects. Therefore, it is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment and follow safety protocols when working with this compound.

Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily associated with its production and disposal. The compound is toxic to aquatic life and can persist in the environment. Proper waste management and recycling practices are essential to minimize its environmental impact.

Regulatory Status

4′-Hydroxyacetophenone is subject to regulations in various countries. Its production, import, and export are controlled under different laws and regulations. Compliance with these regulations is crucial for businesses involved in the handling and distribution of this compound.

Conclusion

4′-Hydroxyacetophenone, with the CAS number 99-93-4, is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications. Its chemical properties, synthesis methods, and applications in various industries highlight its significance. However, it is essential to consider the health and safety aspects, environmental impact, and regulatory status when working with this compound. By understanding these factors, one can ensure the safe and responsible use of 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone in different fields.

Keywords

4′-Hydroxyacetophenone, CAS 99-93-4, chemical properties, synthesis methods, applications, health and safety, environmental impact, regulatory status