Triethylenetetramine, with the CAS number 112 - 24 - 3, is a colorless to pale - yellow liquid with an ammonia - like odor. Its chemical formula is C₆H₁₈N₄ and it has a molecular weight of approximately 146.23 g/mol. This compound is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents, making it versatile for various applications. It has a boiling point in the range of 266 - 267 °C and a melting point of around 12 - 14 °C.
It is also known for its basicity. Triethylenetetramine can react with acids to form salts, which is an important characteristic in many chemical processes. The density of triethylenetetramine is about 0.982 g/cm³ at 20 °C, and its refractive index is 1.4971.
1. Epoxy Resin Curing Agent: Triethylenetetramine is widely used as a curing agent for epoxy resins. It can cross - link the epoxy molecules, resulting in a hard and durable polymer. This is crucial in applications such as coatings, adhesives, and composites. In coatings, it provides excellent chemical resistance and adhesion to various substrates. In adhesives, it allows for strong bonding between different materials, and in composites, it enhances the mechanical properties.
2. Chelating Agent: It can form stable complexes with metal ions. This property is useful in water treatment to remove heavy metal ions such as copper, nickel, and zinc. It can also be used in the mining industry for metal extraction and purification processes.
3. Intermediate in Organic Synthesis: Triethylenetetramine serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds. For example, it can be used to synthesize surfactants, which are widely used in detergents, emulsifiers, and wetting agents.
When using triethylenetetramine as an epoxy resin curing agent, the general ratio is around 10 - 15 parts per 100 parts of epoxy resin by weight. First, the epoxy resin should be thoroughly mixed with the appropriate amount of triethylenetetramine at room temperature. The mixing process should be carried out in a well - ventilated area to avoid inhalation of the fumes. After mixing, the mixture can be applied to the desired substrate within the pot life, which is usually a few hours.
As a chelating agent in water treatment, it can be added directly to the water in a controlled dosage. The dosage depends on the concentration of heavy metal ions in the water. A preliminary test should be conducted to determine the optimal dosage.
In organic synthesis, the reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time need to be carefully controlled according to the specific reaction requirements. It is often necessary to use appropriate catalysts and solvents to ensure the efficiency of the reaction.
1. Epoxy Coating Application: A manufacturing company was looking for a high - performance coating for their metal products. They used triethylenetetramine as a curing agent for an epoxy coating. After application, the coating showed excellent corrosion resistance and adhesion. The products were able to withstand harsh environmental conditions, such as high humidity and exposure to chemicals. The coating also had a smooth and durable finish, which improved the overall appearance of the products.
2. Water Treatment: A wastewater treatment plant was dealing with high levels of copper ions in the effluent. By adding triethylenetetramine as a chelating agent, they were able to reduce the copper concentration to an acceptable level. The treated water met the environmental discharge standards, and the process was cost - effective compared to other treatment methods.
3. Organic Synthesis: A chemical research laboratory was synthesizing a new surfactant. Triethylenetetramine was used as an intermediate in the synthesis process. Through careful control of the reaction conditions, they were able to obtain a high - quality surfactant with excellent surface - active properties. The surfactant was then used in a detergent formulation, which showed improved cleaning performance.
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