Sodium periodate, with the CAS number 7790 - 28 - 5, is a powerful oxidizing agent. Its chemical formula is NaIO₄. It exists in two main forms: the ortho - sodium periodate (Na₅IO₆) and the metaperiodate (NaIO₄). The metaperiodate form is more commonly used in laboratory and industrial applications. It appears as a white, crystalline solid at room temperature.
It has a molecular weight of approximately 213.89 g/mol. Its solubility in water is relatively high, which makes it convenient for various chemical reactions in aqueous solutions. The density of sodium periodate is around 3.865 g/cm³. When handling this product, it should be stored in a cool, dry place away from combustible materials due to its strong oxidizing properties.
Sodium periodate has a wide range of applications in different fields. In the field of organic chemistry, it is widely used as an oxidizing agent. It can selectively oxidize diols to aldehydes or ketones. This reaction is highly specific, which is very useful in the synthesis of complex organic compounds. For example, it can be used in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
In the analytical chemistry field, sodium periodate is used as a reagent for the determination of various substances. It can be used to detect the presence of certain functional groups in organic molecules. In the textile industry, it is used for bleaching and dyeing processes. It can improve the color fastness and brightness of dyes on textile fibers.
When using sodium periodate, proper safety precautions should be taken. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles. First, prepare the required amount of sodium periodate according to the reaction scale. Dissolve it in water or other suitable solvents if necessary.
For oxidation reactions in organic synthesis, add the substrate slowly to the sodium periodate solution under appropriate reaction conditions, such as temperature and pH control. Monitor the reaction progress using analytical techniques like thin - layer chromatography (TLC) or high - performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After the reaction is complete, the product can be isolated and purified using standard organic chemistry techniques, such as extraction, distillation, or recrystallization.
Case 1: In a pharmaceutical research project, scientists were trying to synthesize a novel anti - cancer compound. Sodium periodate was used to selectively oxidize a diol intermediate. By carefully controlling the reaction conditions, they were able to obtain the desired aldehyde product with high yield and purity. This intermediate was then further reacted to form the final anti - cancer compound, which showed promising results in pre - clinical trials.
Case 2: A textile company was facing issues with the color fastness of their dyed fabrics. They decided to use sodium periodate in their bleaching and dyeing process. After treating the fabrics with a sodium periodate - containing solution, they observed a significant improvement in the color fastness and brightness of the dyes. This not only enhanced the quality of their products but also increased customer satisfaction.
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