Octadecanethiol, with the CAS number 2885 - 00 - 9, is a long - chain alkyl thiol compound. Chemically, it has the molecular formula C₁₈H₃₈S and a molecular weight of approximately 286.56 g/mol. It appears as a white to off - white waxy solid at room temperature. The melting point of octadecanethiol ranges from 28 - 32°C, and its boiling point is around 365.2°C at 760 mmHg. It has a low solubility in water but is soluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and chloroform. The density of octadecanethiol is about 0.847 g/cm³.
Octadecanethiol has a wide range of applications in different fields. In the field of materials science, it is commonly used as a self - assembling monolayer (SAM) former. By forming a closely packed and ordered monolayer on a variety of substrates like gold, silver, and copper, it can modify the surface properties of these materials. This surface modification can enhance corrosion resistance, reduce surface energy, and improve lubrication properties. In the semiconductor industry, SAMs of octadecanethiol can be used to control the wetting behavior of photoresist materials during photolithography processes, which is crucial for the fabrication of high - precision microelectronic devices. In the field of nanotechnology, octadecanethiol is used to stabilize and functionalize nanoparticles. It can prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles and endow them with specific surface properties, enabling them to be used in biological imaging, drug delivery, and sensors.
When using octadecanethiol, appropriate safety precautions should be taken. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. In a laboratory or industrial setting, first, measure the required amount of octadecanethiol according to the specific application. If it is used to form a self - assembling monolayer on a metal substrate, the substrate needs to be thoroughly cleaned and activated before being immersed in a solution of octadecanethiol in an organic solvent, such as ethanol. The concentration of the solution typically ranges from 1 mM to 10 mM. The immersion time can vary from several hours to overnight, depending on the desired thickness and quality of the monolayer. After the immersion process, the substrate should be rinsed with clean solvent to remove any excess octadecanethiol and dried gently with nitrogen or air. When using octadecanethiol to modify nanoparticles, it can be added to a solution containing the nanoparticles under appropriate reaction conditions, such as specific temperature and pH values, and then stirred for a certain period to ensure complete reaction.
Case 1: Corrosion Protection of Metal Surfaces
A company that manufactures metal components for the automotive industry used octadecanethiol to protect the surface of steel parts from corrosion. They prepared a 5 mM solution of octadecanethiol in ethanol and immersed the steel parts in the solution for 12 hours. After that, they conducted salt spray tests. The results showed that the steel parts treated with octadecanethiol had significantly better corrosion resistance compared to the untreated ones. The rusting rate was reduced by more than 80% after a 100 - hour salt spray test, which extended the service life of the metal components.
Case 2: Nanoparticle Stabilization in Biological Imaging
In a research project on biological imaging, gold nanoparticles were synthesized and then functionalized with octadecanethiol. The octadecanethiol - modified gold nanoparticles were more stable in biological media and had better biocompatibility. They were used to label specific cells in vitro. The fluorescence imaging results showed that the labeled cells could be clearly distinguished, and the modified nanoparticles did not cause obvious cytotoxicity, indicating their potential for future in - vivo biological imaging applications.
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