Styrene Oxide (CAS No. 96 - 09 - 3) is a colorless to pale - yellow liquid with a characteristic odor. It has a molecular formula of C₈H₈O and a molecular weight of approximately 120.15 g/mol. The boiling point of styrene oxide is around 194 - 195 °C, and its melting point is about - 37 °C. It is slightly soluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. In terms of density, it is about 1.059 g/cm³ at 20 °C. This product is commonly available in high - purity grades, often with a purity of over 99%, which ensures its quality and performance in various applications.
Styrene Oxide has a wide range of applications in different industries. In the chemical industry, it serves as an important intermediate for the synthesis of various chemicals. For example, it can be used in the production of surfactants, which are widely used in detergents, emulsifiers, and wetting agents. It is also involved in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, where it can be a building block for the production of certain drugs. In the polymer industry, styrene oxide can be used to modify polymers, improving their physical and chemical properties such as flexibility and adhesion.
When using styrene oxide, proper safety precautions should be taken. It is recommended to wear appropriate protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. The product should be handled in a well - ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors. In the laboratory or industrial setting, it is usually added to reaction mixtures under controlled conditions, such as specific temperatures and pressures. The dosage and reaction time should be determined based on the specific application and reaction requirements. For example, when using it in a chemical synthesis reaction, the molar ratio of styrene oxide to other reactants needs to be carefully calculated to ensure the desired yield and product quality.
Case 1: Surfactant Production
In a surfactant manufacturing plant, styrene oxide is used as a key raw material. The process starts by mixing styrene oxide with a long - chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of around 100 - 120 °C under controlled pressure. After a few hours of reaction, a high - quality surfactant is obtained. This surfactant has excellent emulsifying and wetting properties, making it suitable for use in laundry detergents. The resulting detergent can effectively remove dirt and stains from fabrics, and the use of styrene oxide - derived surfactant also improves the biodegradability of the detergent.
Case 2: Pharmaceutical Synthesis
In a pharmaceutical research laboratory, styrene oxide is used in the synthesis of a new anti - inflammatory drug. The researchers first react styrene oxide with a specific amine compound to form an intermediate product. This intermediate is then further modified through a series of chemical reactions, including oxidation and reduction steps. After purification and testing, the final drug product shows significant anti - inflammatory activity in pre - clinical trials. The use of styrene oxide in this synthesis process provides a novel and efficient way to develop new drugs.
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