Sodium deoxycholate, with the CAS number 302 - 95 - 4, is a well - known biochemical reagent. It is a bile salt that is derived from cholic acid. Chemically, it is the sodium salt of deoxycholic acid. The molecular formula of sodium deoxycholate is C₂₄H₃₉NaO₄, and its molecular weight is approximately 414.55 g/mol. The compound appears as a white to off - white powder with good solubility in water, ethanol, and methanol. It has a melting point in the range of 183 - 185 °C. Sodium deoxycholate is stable under normal storage conditions, but it should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
In the field of biochemistry and molecular biology, sodium deoxycholate is widely used as a detergent. It can solubilize membrane proteins, which is crucial for protein purification and analysis. By breaking down the lipid - protein interactions in cell membranes, it allows the isolation of integral membrane proteins in their native state. This is essential for studying the structure and function of these proteins. In addition, it is used in cell lysis procedures. It can disrupt cell membranes gently, releasing intracellular components such as nucleic acids and proteins, which are then available for further analysis. In the pharmaceutical industry, sodium deoxycholate has been used in the formulation of certain drugs. It can enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, improving their therapeutic effects. It is also used in some cosmetic products. For example, it can be used to break down fat cells in a non - surgical cosmetic procedure for body contouring.
When using sodium deoxycholate as a detergent for protein solubilization, a typical working concentration ranges from 0.1% to 1%. First, prepare a stock solution of the desired concentration in an appropriate buffer, such as phosphate - buffered saline (PBS). Add the stock solution to the sample containing the membrane proteins at the appropriate ratio. Incubate the mixture at an appropriate temperature, usually 4 °C or room temperature, for a certain period, typically 30 minutes to 2 hours, with gentle agitation. For cell lysis, a solution of 0.5% - 1% sodium deoxycholate in a lysis buffer can be used. Add the lysis buffer to the cells and incubate on ice for 15 - 30 minutes. After that, centrifuge the lysate to separate the soluble fraction from the insoluble debris. When using it in drug formulation, the exact amount and method of addition depend on the specific drug and formulation requirements. It should be carefully added and mixed under controlled conditions to ensure proper dissolution and stability of the drug.
Case 1: Protein Purification in a Research Laboratory
A research team was studying a membrane - bound enzyme. They used sodium deoxycholate at a concentration of 0.5% in a Tris - HCl buffer for membrane protein solubilization. By gently agitating the membrane fraction in the detergent solution at 4 °C for 1 hour, they were able to solubilize the target enzyme efficiently. After further purification steps, they obtained a highly pure enzyme sample, which allowed them to study its catalytic activity and substrate specificity in detail.
Case 2: Non - Surgical Fat Reduction in a Cosmetic Clinic
A cosmetic clinic used a formulation containing sodium deoxycholate for non - surgical body contouring. They injected the solution into the subcutaneous fat layer of patients with localized fat deposits. After a series of treatments, patients showed significant reduction in fat volume in the treated areas, with minimal side effects such as mild swelling and bruising that resolved within a few days.
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