Ammonium Alginate (CAS 9005 - 34 - 9) is a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed. It is a white to yellow - brown powder, odorless and tasteless. The chemical formula of ammonium alginate is (C6H7O6NH4)n. It is soluble in water, forming a viscous solution. The viscosity of the solution can vary depending on factors such as the concentration of the ammonium alginate, the temperature, and the pH value. Generally, a higher concentration will result in a more viscous solution. The pH value of a 1% ammonium alginate solution is usually in the range of 6.0 - 8.0.
1. **Food Industry**: Ammonium alginate is widely used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in the food industry. It can be added to dairy products, such as yogurt and ice cream, to improve texture and prevent syneresis. In the production of fruit juices and jellies, it helps to maintain the stability of the product and enhance the mouth - feel.
2. **Pharmaceutical Industry**: It serves as a matrix material for controlled - release drug delivery systems. Due to its biocompatibility and gel - forming properties, ammonium alginate can encapsulate drugs and release them slowly over time. It is also used as a suspending agent in liquid medications.
3. **Textile Industry**: In the textile industry, it is used as a sizing agent. It can improve the strength and smoothness of yarns, reducing breakage during the weaving process.
4. **Cosmetics Industry**: Ammonium alginate is used in facial masks and skin - care products. It can form a film on the skin surface, providing moisture and a smooth feeling.
**Dissolving Process**: First, add the required amount of ammonium alginate slowly into cold water while stirring continuously. It is important to add it gradually to avoid the formation of lumps. After the addition, continue to stir for a sufficient time until the ammonium alginate is completely dissolved. If a higher viscosity is required, the concentration of the solution can be increased.
**pH Adjustment**: Depending on the specific application, the pH value of the ammonium alginate solution may need to be adjusted. For some applications, a slightly acidic or alkaline environment is more suitable. You can use common acids or alkalis to adjust the pH value, but be careful to measure it accurately.
**Mixing with Other Substances**: When using ammonium alginate in combination with other substances, make sure to add them in the correct order. For example, in the food industry, when adding flavorings or other additives, add them after the ammonium alginate is completely dissolved and the solution is stable.
**Case 1: Dairy Product - Yogurt**
A yogurt manufacturer added 0.5% ammonium alginate to their product. Before using ammonium alginate, the yogurt had a problem of syneresis, where whey would separate from the curd during storage. After adding ammonium alginate, the syneresis was significantly reduced. The yogurt had a more consistent texture, and the shelf - life was extended. Consumers reported a better mouth - feel, and the sales of the yogurt increased.
**Case 2: Pharmaceutical - Controlled - Release Tablet**
A pharmaceutical company developed a controlled - release tablet using ammonium alginate as the matrix material for a pain - relief drug. The tablet was designed to release the drug slowly over 12 hours. In vitro release studies showed that the drug was released at a relatively constant rate, which was in line with the design requirements. Clinical trials also demonstrated that the new formulation had a better therapeutic effect with fewer side - effects compared to the original immediate - release formulation.
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