Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with CAS number 68333 - 79 - 9 is a high - quality product offered at a low price. It is an inorganic salt, typically a white powder with good thermal stability and water - solubility to a certain extent. The chemical formula of APP can be generally expressed as (NH₄PO₃)ₙ, where n represents the polymerization degree. Different polymerization degrees can lead to different physical and chemical properties of APP. For example, low - molecular - weight APP is relatively more water - soluble, while high - molecular - weight APP has better flame - retardant properties. It usually has a density in the range of about 1.9 - 2.1 g/cm³. The product is often produced through a chemical reaction process that combines ammonia and phosphoric acid under specific conditions.
One of the most important uses of ammonium polyphosphate is as a flame retardant. It can be added to various polymers, such as polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene), polyurethanes, and epoxy resins. When these polymers are exposed to fire, APP decomposes endothermically, releasing ammonia gas and forming a protective char layer on the surface of the polymer. This char layer acts as a barrier, preventing the further spread of fire, reducing heat release, and minimizing the release of toxic gases. Another use is in the fertilizer industry. APP can provide both nitrogen and phosphorus, two essential nutrients for plant growth. It can be used as a component in compound fertilizers, improving soil fertility and promoting healthy plant development.
When using ammonium polyphosphate as a flame retardant, it is usually mixed with the polymer matrix during the polymer processing stage. The mixing ratio depends on the type of polymer and the required flame - retardant level. For example, in polyolefins, a typical loading of APP can range from 15% - 30% by weight. The mixing process should be carried out evenly to ensure the uniform distribution of APP in the polymer, which is crucial for achieving consistent flame - retardant performance. When used as a fertilizer, APP can be applied to the soil either directly or in combination with other fertilizers. It should be evenly spread over the soil surface and then incorporated into the soil through tillage. The application rate depends on the soil fertility, crop type, and growth stage.
Case 1: In the construction industry, a building materials manufacturer used APP as a flame retardant in the production of insulation materials made of polyurethane foam. By adding 20% APP to the polyurethane formulation, the insulation materials passed the stringent fire - safety tests required by building codes. The char layer formed during a fire test effectively prevented the spread of flames and reduced the heat release rate, protecting the building's structure and occupants. Case 2: A farm in a rural area used a compound fertilizer containing APP. The crops showed significant improvements in growth and yield. The nitrogen and phosphorus provided by APP promoted root development, increased leaf area, and enhanced the overall health of the plants. Compared to the previous year when traditional fertilizers were used, the yield of wheat increased by 15%.
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Este es William, CEO de Zhishang Chemical Co., Ltd.
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