The product, diphenylphosphine with CAS number 829 - 85 - 6, is a chemical compound that is widely known in the chemical industry. It has a specific molecular formula of C₁₂H₁₁P. This compound typically appears as a colorless to pale - yellow liquid under normal conditions. It has a characteristic odor.
The melting point of diphenylphosphine is around - 51°C, and the boiling point is approximately 280°C. Its density is about 1.072 g/cm³ at 25°C. The refractive index of this product is 1.633 at 20°C. These physical parameters are crucial for handling and storing the product appropriately.
Diphenylphosphine has numerous important applications in different fields. In the field of organic synthesis, it serves as a versatile ligand. Ligands play a vital role in coordinating with metal ions, which can significantly influence the reactivity and selectivity of metal - catalyzed reactions. For example, in palladium - catalyzed cross - coupling reactions, diphenylphosphine can enhance the efficiency of the reaction and improve the yield of the desired product.
It is also used in the production of flame retardants. The phosphorus - containing structure in diphenylphosphine can impart flame - retardant properties to materials. When incorporated into polymers or other materials, it can prevent or slow down the spread of fire, thus improving the safety performance of the materials.
In the pharmaceutical industry, diphenylphosphine can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs. Its unique chemical structure allows it to participate in complex chemical reactions to build the core structures of various pharmaceutical compounds.
When using diphenylphosphine, proper safety precautions should be taken. First of all, it should be stored in a cool, dry, and well - ventilated area away from heat sources and oxidizing agents. Since it is a flammable liquid, smoking and open flames should be strictly prohibited in the storage area.
During the handling process, appropriate personal protective equipment, such as chemical - resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat, should be worn. When measuring or transferring diphenylphosphine, use glassware or other appropriate containers. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. In case of contact, immediately rinse with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
In a chemical reaction, the amount of diphenylphosphine used should be accurately measured according to the reaction requirements. It is usually added to the reaction system under an inert gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, to prevent oxidation.
Case 1: Palladium - Catalyzed Cross - Coupling Reaction
In a research project aiming to synthesize a new type of biaryl compound, diphenylphosphine was used as a ligand. First, a palladium catalyst was prepared by mixing palladium acetate with diphenylphosphine in a specific molar ratio. Then, the aryl halide and the aryl boronic acid were added to the reaction system in the presence of a base. Under appropriate reaction conditions (such as a certain temperature and reaction time), the cross - coupling reaction took place smoothly, and the yield of the target biaryl compound reached over 80%. The use of diphenylphosphine as a ligand increased the reactivity of the palladium catalyst and improved the selectivity of the reaction.
Case 2: Flame - Retardant Polymer Production
A polymer manufacturer wanted to improve the flame - retardant performance of a certain plastic. Diphenylphosphine was incorporated into the polymer matrix during the polymerization process. After testing, it was found that the oxygen index of the modified polymer increased significantly, indicating that the flame - retardant performance was greatly enhanced. This made the plastic more suitable for applications in environments with high fire - safety requirements, such as in the electronics and automotive industries.
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