n-Tetradecyl-β-D-Maltoside, with the CAS number 18449-82-6, is a high - quality product available at a low price. It belongs to the class of non - ionic detergents. This compound is well - known for its excellent solubility in water and a wide range of organic solvents. The molecular formula of n - Tetradecyl - β - D - Maltoside is C₂₆H₅₀O₁₁, and its molecular weight is approximately 538.67 g/mol. It has a white to off - white powder appearance, which indicates its high degree of purity. The product is typically stored at room temperature, but it is recommended to keep it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat to maintain its stability.
n - Tetradecyl - β - D - Maltoside has a wide range of applications in various scientific and industrial fields. In the field of biochemistry, it is commonly used for the solubilization of membrane proteins. Membrane proteins are often difficult to study due to their hydrophobic nature, and this detergent can effectively solubilize them, allowing for easier purification and analysis. In addition, it is used in protein crystallization studies. By providing a stable environment for proteins, it helps in the formation of high - quality protein crystals, which are crucial for X - ray crystallography to determine protein structures. In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used as an excipient in some drug formulations to improve the solubility and stability of certain drugs. It can also be used in the development of biosensors, where it helps in the immobilization and proper functioning of biological molecules on the sensor surface.
When using n - Tetradecyl - β - D - Maltoside, it is important to follow the appropriate procedures. First, prepare a stock solution. Usually, a 10 - 20% (w/v) stock solution can be prepared by dissolving the powder in water or a suitable buffer. The solution should be stirred gently at room temperature until the powder is completely dissolved. When using it for solubilizing membrane proteins, add the stock solution to the protein sample at an appropriate concentration, typically in the range of 0.1 - 1% (w/v), depending on the nature of the protein. After adding the detergent, incubate the sample at a suitable temperature, often around 4°C, for a certain period, usually 1 - 2 hours, to ensure complete solubilization. For protein crystallization, add the detergent to the crystallization buffer at a lower concentration, usually around 0.01 - 0.1% (w/v), and then follow the standard crystallization protocol.
Case Study 1: Solubilization of a G - protein - coupled receptor (GPCR). A research group was studying a specific GPCR that was involved in a neurodegenerative disease. They used n - Tetradecyl - β - D - Maltoside to solubilize the GPCR from cell membranes. They prepared a 15% (w/v) stock solution of the detergent and added it to the membrane fraction at a final concentration of 0.5% (w/v). After incubating the mixture at 4°C for 1.5 hours, they were able to successfully solubilize the GPCR. The solubilized protein was then purified using chromatography techniques, and further functional studies were carried out.
Case Study 2: Protein crystallization. A biotech company was working on a novel enzyme for industrial applications. They added n - Tetradecyl - β - D - Maltoside to the crystallization buffer at a concentration of 0.05% (w/v). This helped in the formation of large, high - quality crystals of the enzyme. These crystals were then used for X - ray crystallography, and the structure of the enzyme was determined, which provided valuable insights for enzyme engineering.
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