O-chlorophenol (CAS No. 95 - 57 - 8) is an important organic compound. It is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a characteristic phenolic odor. The molecular formula of o-chlorophenol is C₆H₅ClO, and its molecular weight is approximately 128.56 g/mol. It has a density of about 1.268 g/cm³ at 20°C and a boiling point in the range of 174 - 175°C. The melting point is around 7 - 9°C.
O-chlorophenol is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and acetone. It is a reactive compound due to the presence of the chlorine atom and the phenolic hydroxyl group, which makes it participate in a variety of chemical reactions.
1. **Chemical Intermediate**: O-chlorophenol is widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals. It can be used to produce pesticides, such as some types of herbicides and insecticides. In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a building block for the synthesis of certain drugs.
2. **Dye and Pigment Industry**: It is involved in the manufacturing of dyes and pigments. The reactive nature of o-chlorophenol allows it to react with other compounds to form colored substances with specific properties.
3. **Antiseptic and Disinfectant**: Due to its antibacterial properties, o-chlorophenol has been used in the formulation of some antiseptics and disinfectants, especially in the past. However, its use in this area is now more restricted due to environmental and health concerns.
1. **Handling and Storage**: When handling o-chlorophenol, it is essential to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat. It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well - ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers. The containers should be tightly sealed to prevent leakage.
2. **Chemical Reactions**: In chemical synthesis, the amount of o-chlorophenol used depends on the specific reaction and stoichiometry. It is usually added slowly to the reaction mixture under controlled conditions, such as specific temperature and pressure, to ensure a smooth reaction and high yield.
3. **Disposal**: Any unused or waste o-chlorophenol should be disposed of in accordance with local environmental regulations. It is often recommended to contact a professional waste disposal company to handle the proper disposal of this hazardous chemical.
1. **Pesticide Synthesis**: A chemical company was developing a new herbicide. They used o-chlorophenol as a key intermediate. By reacting o-chlorophenol with a specific amine compound under carefully controlled reaction conditions, they were able to synthesize a highly effective herbicidal compound. The new herbicide showed excellent weed - control performance in field trials, with a high selectivity between crops and weeds.
2. **Dye Manufacturing**: A dye factory wanted to produce a new type of red dye. They utilized o-chlorophenol in a series of reactions with other aromatic compounds. Through a multi - step synthesis process, they obtained a red dye with good color fastness and solubility in water - based systems. This dye was then successfully applied in the textile industry, providing vibrant colors to various fabrics.
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