Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, with the CAS number 6381 - 59 - 5, is a well - known chemical compound. It has a molecular formula of C₄H₄KNaO₆·4H₂O and a molecular weight of approximately 282.22 g/mol. This compound appears as colorless to white, odorless crystals or a crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water, with a solubility of about 139 g/L at 20°C. The pH value of its aqueous solution is usually between 7.5 - 9.0. The melting point of potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate is around 70 - 80°C. It loses its water of crystallization at about 100 - 120°C and decomposes at higher temperatures.
1. **Food Industry**: It is used as a food additive, acting as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. In baking, it can help regulate the pH of dough, which affects the fermentation process and the final texture of the baked goods. It is also used in some dairy products to prevent the coagulation of proteins and maintain the stability of the product.
2. **Pharmaceutical Industry**: Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate is used in the formulation of certain drugs. It can be used as an excipient to improve the solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In addition, it has mild laxative properties and has been used in some traditional medicine preparations.
3. **Analytical Chemistry**: It is a common reagent in chemical analysis. For example, it is used in the Fehling's solution, which is used to detect reducing sugars. It participates in the redox reaction with reducing sugars, resulting in a characteristic color change that can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
4. **Electro - plating Industry**: It can be used as a complexing agent in electro - plating baths. By complexing metal ions, it helps to control the deposition rate and quality of the metal coating, resulting in a more uniform and smooth plating.
1. **Preparation of Solutions**: When preparing an aqueous solution of potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, gradually add the compound to water while stirring continuously. The stirring speed should be moderate to ensure uniform dissolution. The solution can be heated gently to accelerate the dissolution process, but the temperature should not exceed the melting point of the compound.
2. **Dosage in Different Applications**: In the food industry, the dosage usually ranges from 0.1% - 1% of the total weight of the product, depending on the specific requirements of the food. In pharmaceutical formulations, the dosage is determined according to the specific drug and its formulation requirements. In analytical chemistry, the concentration of the reagent solution is usually prepared according to the standard analytical procedures.
3. **Safety Precautions**: When handling potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, wear appropriate protective equipment such as gloves and goggles. Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin and eyes. In case of contact, immediately rinse with plenty of water and seek medical advice if necessary.
1. **Bakery Products**: A bakery company was facing problems with inconsistent dough fermentation and uneven texture in their bread products. By adding 0.5% potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate to the dough, they were able to regulate the pH of the dough more effectively. This led to a more consistent fermentation process, resulting in bread with a softer texture and better volume. The bread also had a longer shelf - life due to the stabilizing effect of the compound.
2. **Glucose Detection in Clinical Analysis**: A clinical laboratory was using Fehling's solution for glucose detection in patient samples. By accurately preparing the Fehling's solution with potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, they were able to get more accurate and reproducible results. The characteristic red - brown precipitate formed by the reaction between glucose and the Fehling's solution was clearly visible, which helped in the diagnosis of diabetes and other related conditions.
3. **Electro - plating of Copper**: An electro - plating factory was having issues with rough and uneven copper coatings on their products. By adding an appropriate amount of potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate to the electro - plating bath as a complexing agent, they were able to control the deposition of copper ions more precisely. This resulted in a smoother and more uniform copper coating, improving the quality of the electro - plated products.
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