Sulbactam, identified by the CAS number 68373 - 14 - 8, is a beta - lactamase inhibitor. Chemically, it is a penicillanic acid sulfone. The molecular formula of sulbactam is C₈H₁₁NO₅S, and it has a molecular weight of approximately 233.24 g/mol.
Sulbactam is usually available as a white to off - white crystalline powder. It is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol. The stability of sulbactam is affected by factors like temperature, light, and humidity. It should be stored in a cool, dry place, protected from light.
The primary use of sulbactam is in combination with beta - lactam antibiotics. Many bacteria produce beta - lactamases, enzymes that can inactivate beta - lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins. Sulbactam inhibits these beta - lactamases, thereby restoring the antibacterial activity of the co - administered beta - lactam antibiotics.
It is commonly used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and intra - abdominal infections. For example, in cases of pneumonia caused by beta - lactamase - producing bacteria, the combination of sulbactam with ampicillin can effectively combat the infection.
Sulbactam is typically administered in combination with a beta - lactam antibiotic, usually via intravenous or intramuscular injection. The dosage and administration frequency depend on several factors, such as the type and severity of the infection, the patient's age, weight, and renal function.
For adults, in the treatment of moderate to severe infections, the usual dosage of sulbactam in combination with ampicillin is 1.5 - 3 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 6 hours. Before administration, the powder should be reconstituted according to the instructions provided. It is important to ensure proper aseptic technique during reconstitution and administration to prevent contamination.
Patients with impaired renal function may require dosage adjustment. Close monitoring of renal function is recommended during treatment to ensure the safety and efficacy of the drug.
Case 1: A 45 - year - old male was admitted to the hospital with a severe urinary tract infection. Initial cultures showed the presence of a beta - lactamase - producing Escherichia coli strain. The patient was started on a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam at a dosage of 3 g every 6 hours. After 3 days of treatment, the patient's symptoms, such as dysuria and frequency, significantly improved. Repeat urine cultures after 7 days of treatment were negative, indicating successful eradication of the bacteria.
Case 2: A 60 - year - old female with a skin and soft tissue infection due to Staphylococcus aureus was treated with sulbactam in combination with piperacillin. The infection was complicated by the presence of beta - lactamase - producing strains. The patient received 4.5 g of piperacillin/sulbactam every 8 hours. Over the course of 10 days of treatment, the swelling and redness at the infection site gradually subsided, and the patient made a full recovery.
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