Chloroacetamide, with the CAS number 79 - 07 - 2, is a white crystalline solid. Its molecular formula is C₂H₄ClNO, and it has a molecular weight of approximately 93.51 g/mol. The melting point of chloroacetamide ranges from 118 - 121 °C, and it has a boiling point of about 225 °C. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. Chloroacetamide has a characteristic odor and is chemically reactive due to the presence of the chloro - and amide functional groups.
Chloroacetamide has extensive applications in various industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs. It can be used to introduce specific functional groups into drug molecules, which is crucial for the development and production of new drugs. For example, it can be involved in the synthesis of anti - inflammatory drugs and antibiotics.
In the agricultural field, chloroacetamide is used as a herbicide intermediate. Herbicides synthesized from chloroacetamide can effectively control the growth of weeds in farmland, protecting crops from competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight. This helps improve crop yields and quality.
In the chemical industry, it is used as a raw material for the synthesis of other chemicals. It can participate in a variety of chemical reactions, such as acylation reactions, to produce different chemical products.
When using chloroacetamide, safety precautions must be strictly followed. Before use, make sure to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. Since chloroacetamide is toxic and may cause skin and eye irritation, inhalation of its dust should be avoided.
In a laboratory or industrial setting, chloroacetamide is usually used in a well - ventilated area or under a fume hood. When measuring the required amount, use appropriate measuring tools, such as pipettes or weighing scales, to ensure accurate dosing. During chemical reactions, follow the reaction conditions, including temperature, reaction time, and the addition sequence of reactants.
Pharmaceutical Synthesis Case: A pharmaceutical company was developing a new anti - inflammatory drug. In the synthesis process, chloroacetamide was used as an intermediate. The chemists first dissolved chloroacetamide in a suitable organic solvent under controlled temperature conditions. Then, through a series of chemical reactions, the chloro - and amide groups in chloroacetamide were introduced into the target molecule. After several purification steps, the final drug product was obtained. The use of chloroacetamide in this process was crucial for the formation of the specific chemical structure of the drug, and the new drug showed excellent anti - inflammatory effects in subsequent animal experiments.
Agricultural Herbicides Case: An agricultural research institute was developing a new type of herbicide. They used chloroacetamide as the key intermediate to synthesize the herbicide. After field trials in multiple farmlands, it was found that the herbicide could effectively control the growth of a variety of weeds, especially annual grasses and broad - leaf weeds. The application of this herbicide increased the wheat yield by about 15% compared to the non - treated areas, demonstrating the important role of chloroacetamide in the agricultural field.
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