Mercaptoacetic Acid, with the CAS number 68 - 11 - 1, is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent odor. It is also known as Thioglycolic acid. The molecular formula of mercaptoacetic acid is C₂H₄O₂S, and it has a molecular weight of 92.12 g/mol. The density of this acid is about 1.325 g/cm³ at 25°C, and its boiling point is 123°C at 15 mmHg. Mercaptoacetic acid is soluble in water, ethanol, and ether, making it a versatile chemical in various industries.
1. **Cosmetics Industry**: Mercaptoacetic acid is a key ingredient in hair removal creams and permanent wave solutions. In hair removal products, it breaks down the disulfide bonds in hair keratin, allowing the hair to be easily removed. In permanent wave solutions, it reshapes the hair by breaking and reforming these bonds.
2. **Metal Industry**: It is used as a metal chelating agent and corrosion inhibitor. It can form complexes with metal ions, which helps in the extraction and purification of metals. Additionally, it can protect metals from corrosion by forming a protective layer on the metal surface.
3. **Polymer Industry**: Mercaptoacetic acid can act as a chain - transfer agent in the polymerization process. It helps control the molecular weight and structure of polymers, improving their physical and chemical properties.
1. **Cosmetic Applications**: When using mercaptoacetic acid in hair removal products, it is usually formulated in a concentration of 3 - 10%. The product should be applied evenly on the skin with a spatula or brush, and left on for the recommended time (usually 5 - 10 minutes). After that, the hair can be wiped off. In permanent wave solutions, it is combined with other chemicals and applied to the hair, then the hair is wrapped around curlers.
2. **Industrial Applications**: In the metal and polymer industries, the dosage and application method of mercaptoacetic acid depend on the specific process. Generally, it is added in a controlled manner during the reaction or treatment process. Safety precautions such as wearing protective gloves, goggles, and working in a well - ventilated area should be strictly followed.
1. **Cosmetics Company A**: Company A developed a new hair removal cream using mercaptoacetic acid. They conducted a market test with 500 volunteers. The test results showed that 90% of the volunteers were satisfied with the hair - removal effect, and there were few cases of skin irritation. After the launch of the product, it quickly gained popularity in the market, increasing the company's sales by 30% within six months.
2. **Metal Processing Plant B**: Plant B used mercaptoacetic acid as a corrosion inhibitor in its metal storage tanks. Before using the inhibitor, the tanks needed to be replaced every two years due to corrosion. After adding mercaptoacetic acid to the storage environment, the service life of the tanks was extended to five years, significantly reducing the maintenance cost.
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