Acetanilide, with the CAS number 103 - 84 - 4, is a well - known organic compound. Its chemical formula is (C_8H_9NO). It appears as white, lustrous flakes or crystalline powder. Acetanilide has a melting point range of approximately 113 - 115 °C and a boiling point of around 304 °C. It has a relatively low solubility in cold water but is more soluble in hot water, ethanol, and ether. The density of acetanilide is about 1.219 g/cm³ at 20 °C. This compound has a characteristic odor and is stable under normal temperature and pressure conditions.
Acetanilide has a wide range of applications in various industries. In the pharmaceutical field, it was initially used as an analgesic and antipyretic. Although its use in direct human medicine has decreased due to potential side - effects, it still serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs. For example, it can be used in the synthesis of some antimalarial drugs.
In the dye industry, acetanilide is used as a dye intermediate. It can participate in various chemical reactions to produce a series of dyes with different colors and properties. These dyes are widely used in textile, leather, and paper industries for coloring purposes.
Moreover, in the laboratory, acetanilide is often used as a standard substance for melting point determination due to its well - defined melting point range. It also serves as a starting material in many organic synthesis experiments to produce more complex organic compounds.
When handling acetanilide, appropriate safety precautions should be taken. Wear protective gloves, safety glasses, and a lab coat. In a laboratory setting, if you need to dissolve acetanilide, it is recommended to use a suitable solvent such as hot water or ethanol. Heat the solvent gently while stirring to increase the solubility of acetanilide.
For industrial applications, accurate measurement of the amount of acetanilide is crucial. Use calibrated measuring equipment to ensure the correct dosage. In a chemical synthesis process, follow the reaction conditions strictly, including temperature, pressure, and reaction time. If it is used as a dye intermediate, ensure that the reaction environment is clean and free from impurities to obtain high - quality dyes.
Case 1: Pharmaceutical Synthesis
In a pharmaceutical research laboratory, acetanilide is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of an antimalarial drug. The researchers first dissolve a certain amount of acetanilide in ethanol under gentle heating. Then, they add a specific reagent drop - by - drop while stirring continuously. The reaction is carried out at a controlled temperature of 60 °C for 3 hours. After the reaction is complete, they cool the mixture to room temperature, and a precipitate of the intermediate product is formed. Through further purification steps such as filtration and recrystallization, a high - purity intermediate is obtained, which is then used for the next step of the drug synthesis process.
Case 2: Dye Production
In a dye manufacturing plant, acetanilide is used to produce a blue - colored dye. The plant workers first mix acetanilide with other chemical reagents in a large - scale reaction kettle. They heat the mixture to 120 °C and maintain this temperature for 5 hours. During the reaction, they continuously monitor the reaction progress through sampling and analysis. After the reaction is finished, they add a neutralizing agent to adjust the pH of the solution. Then, they carry out a series of separation and purification processes, including filtration, washing, and drying, to obtain the final blue dye product. This dye is then used to color textile fabrics, giving them a vivid and long - lasting blue color.
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