Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, with the CAS number 2052 - 49 - 5, is a quaternary ammonium compound. It is usually presented as a colorless to slightly yellowish liquid. The molecular formula of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is C₁₆H₃₇NO, and its molecular weight is approximately 259.47 g/mol. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and other polar solvents. This product is typically supplied in various concentrations, and our factory offers it at a competitive price. The purity of our product meets high - industry standards, ensuring its quality and reliability for different applications.
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide has a wide range of applications in different fields. In the chemical synthesis industry, it serves as a phase - transfer catalyst. Phase - transfer catalysis is a technique that enables reactions between substances in different phases (e.g., between an aqueous phase and an organic phase) to occur more efficiently. It can accelerate the reaction rate and improve the yield of many chemical reactions. For example, it is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes.
In the field of analytical chemistry, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is used as a titrant in non - aqueous titration. It can be used to determine the content of acidic or basic substances in samples. This is particularly useful when dealing with substances that are insoluble or have low solubility in water, as non - aqueous titration provides a more suitable environment for accurate analysis.
It also finds applications in the electronics industry. It can be used in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) as an etchant or a developer. In the process of PCB manufacturing, it helps to remove unwanted copper layers or develop the pattern on the board.
When using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, safety precautions should be taken. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. In case of contact, immediately rinse with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
In chemical synthesis, when using it as a phase - transfer catalyst, first, add the appropriate amount of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to the reaction mixture according to the reaction conditions and stoichiometry. Stir the mixture well to ensure homogeneous distribution. The reaction temperature and time should be carefully controlled based on the specific reaction requirements.
In non - aqueous titration, prepare a standard solution of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide with a known concentration. Use a burette to add the titrant to the sample solution until the endpoint is reached, which is usually indicated by a color change of the indicator. Record the volume of the titrant used for further calculation.
In the electronics industry, for PCB manufacturing, follow the specific process requirements provided by the manufacturer. Dilute the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution to the appropriate concentration and immerse the PCB in the solution for the required time to achieve the desired etching or development effect.
Case 1: Pharmaceutical Synthesis
A pharmaceutical company was synthesizing a new drug. They used tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as a phase - transfer catalyst in the key step of the synthesis. By adding the appropriate amount of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to the reaction mixture, they were able to increase the reaction rate significantly. The reaction time was reduced from several hours to less than an hour, and the yield of the target product increased from 60% to over 80%. This not only improved the production efficiency but also reduced the cost of production.
Case 2: Analytical Chemistry
An analytical laboratory was tasked with determining the content of a weak acid in a sample that was insoluble in water. They used tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as a titrant in non - aqueous titration. By carefully preparing the titrant solution and following the titration procedure, they were able to obtain accurate results. The relative error of the measurement was within ± 1%, which met the requirements of the analysis.
Case 3: Electronics Industry
A PCB manufacturing company used tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as an etchant. They adjusted the concentration of the etchant solution according to the thickness of the copper layer on the PCB. By controlling the etching time and temperature, they were able to achieve a clean and precise etching effect. The defective rate of the PCBs was reduced from 5% to less than 1%, improving the quality and production efficiency of the PCBs.
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