Magnesium chloride, with the CAS number 7786 - 30 - 3, is an inorganic compound. It exists in several forms, including anhydrous and various hydrates. The anhydrous form is a white crystalline solid, while the hexahydrate form (MgCl₂·6H₂O) is the most common and commercially available.
Its molecular formula is MgCl₂, and its molar mass is approximately 95.211 g/mol for the anhydrous form. The compound has a high solubility in water, which is an important property for many of its applications. It has a melting point of around 714 °C for the anhydrous form, and it decomposes upon heating to release hydrogen chloride gas.
**De - icing agent**: In cold regions, magnesium chloride is widely used as a de - icing agent on roads and sidewalks. Compared to traditional sodium chloride, it has a lower freezing point depression, which means it can melt ice at lower temperatures. It also causes less corrosion to vehicles and infrastructure, and it is more environmentally friendly.
**Dust control**: In industrial areas, construction sites, and unpaved roads, magnesium chloride can be used to control dust. When sprayed on the surface, it absorbs moisture from the air, which helps to keep the dust particles from becoming airborne.
**Nutritional supplement**: Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body. Magnesium chloride can be used as a dietary supplement to meet the daily magnesium requirements. It is involved in many biochemical reactions in the body, such as muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation.
**Chemical industry**: It serves as a raw material for the production of magnesium metal, magnesium hydroxide, and other magnesium compounds. It is also used in the production of textiles, paper, and ceramics.
**For de - icing**: Dilute the magnesium chloride in water according to the manufacturer's instructions. The concentration may vary depending on the outside temperature and the severity of the ice. Use a sprayer or a spreader to apply the solution evenly on the icy surface. It is important to ensure proper coverage for effective ice melting.
**For dust control**: Prepare a solution of magnesium chloride in water. The recommended concentration is usually between 30% - 50%. Spray the solution on the dusty surface using a high - pressure sprayer. Re - apply the solution periodically, especially after heavy rainfall or high - traffic periods.
**As a nutritional supplement**: Follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional or on the product label. Magnesium chloride supplements are usually taken orally with water. It is advisable to take them with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort.
**Case 1: Road de - icing in a cold city**
In a northern city, the local government switched from using sodium chloride to magnesium chloride for road de - icing. During a severe winter storm, the magnesium chloride was able to melt ice at temperatures as low as - 20 °C, while sodium chloride was ineffective at such low temperatures. The use of magnesium chloride also reduced the corrosion of vehicles by 30% compared to the previous season when sodium chloride was used. This not only saved maintenance costs for vehicle owners but also extended the lifespan of the city's road infrastructure.
**Case 2: Dust control at a construction site**
A large construction site was experiencing significant dust problems, which were affecting the health of workers and neighboring residents. After applying a 40% magnesium chloride solution, the dust levels were reduced by more than 80%. The solution was sprayed twice a week, and it effectively kept the dust under control throughout the construction period. This improved the air quality at the site and reduced the number of dust - related complaints from the neighborhood.
**Case 3: Nutritional supplement for athletes**
A group of athletes was given magnesium chloride supplements for a period of three months. Before the supplementation, many of the athletes reported muscle cramps and fatigue during training. After taking the supplements, 80% of the athletes reported a significant reduction in muscle cramps, and their overall endurance and performance improved. The magnesium chloride
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