Nickel sulfate, with the CAS number 7786 - 81 - 4, is a chemical compound that exists in various forms, commonly as the hexahydrate and heptahydrate. In its anhydrous form, it appears as a yellow - green crystalline solid. The hexahydrate is blue - green, while the heptahydrate is bright green.
The molecular formula of anhydrous nickel sulfate is NiSO₄, with a molecular weight of approximately 154.75 g/mol. The hexahydrate has a molecular formula of NiSO₄·6H₂O (molecular weight about 262.85 g/mol), and the heptahydrate has a formula of NiSO₄·7H₂O (molecular weight around 280.87 g/mol).
It has a density of about 3.68 g/cm³ for the anhydrous form. The melting point of anhydrous nickel sulfate is around 848 °C. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol.
Nickel sulfate has a wide range of applications. One of the most significant uses is in electroplating. It serves as a key source of nickel ions in the electroplating bath. When electroplating, a thin layer of nickel is deposited on the surface of another metal, such as iron, copper, or zinc, to improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and appearance of the substrate metal. For example, in the automotive industry, nickel - plated parts are widely used to enhance the durability of components exposed to harsh environments.
It is also used in the production of catalysts. Nickel - based catalysts are important in various chemical reactions, such as hydrogenation reactions. These catalysts can promote the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds, which is crucial in the production of many chemicals and fuels.
In the field of pigments, nickel sulfate can be used as an ingredient in the manufacturing of certain green pigments. These pigments are used in ceramics, glass, and paints due to their excellent color - fastness and heat - resistance properties.
When using nickel sulfate in electroplating, it is necessary to prepare an appropriate electroplating bath. First, dissolve nickel sulfate in water to form a solution with a suitable concentration. The concentration may vary depending on the specific requirements of the electroplating process, usually ranging from several grams per liter to tens of grams per liter. Then, adjust the pH value of the solution using appropriate reagents, typically maintaining it within a slightly acidic range (pH 4 - 6). Add other additives such as brighteners and leveling agents to improve the quality of the electroplated layer.
During the electroplating process, connect the object to be plated as the cathode and a nickel anode to a DC power supply. Pass an electric current through the electroplating bath, causing nickel ions in the solution to be reduced and deposited on the surface of the cathode object.
When using nickel sulfate in the production of catalysts, it is often mixed with other metal salts and support materials. The mixture is then subjected to a series of processes such as calcination and reduction to form the active catalyst. The exact process parameters need to be determined according to the specific reaction requirements.
Case 1: Automotive Parts Electroplating
A well - known automotive parts manufacturer used nickel sulfate in their electroplating process. They were facing issues with the corrosion resistance of their iron - based components. By using a carefully formulated electroplating bath containing nickel sulfate, they were able to deposit a uniform and dense nickel layer on the parts. After a series of tests, the corrosion resistance of the parts increased significantly, and the service life of the parts was extended by more than 50%. This not only improved the quality of their products but also reduced the maintenance cost for their customers.
Case 2: Chemical Catalyst Production
A chemical company was involved in the production of a particular type of plastic. They needed to improve the efficiency of the hydrogenation reaction in the production process. By using a nickel - based catalyst prepared with nickel sulfate, they were able to increase the reaction rate by 30% and improve the product yield by 20%. This led to substantial cost savings and increased production capacity for the company.
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