Magnesium boride (MgB₂) with the CAS number 12007 - 25 - 9 is a binary compound composed of magnesium and boron. It is a dark gray solid under normal conditions. The molar mass of magnesium boride is approximately 45.93 g/mol, with a magnesium content of about 47.9% and a boron content of about 52.1% by mass.
Structurally, magnesium boride has a hexagonal crystal structure. It has relatively high hardness and good thermal conductivity. Its melting point is around 1300 - 1500 °C, which makes it stable under certain high - temperature conditions. The density of magnesium boride is about 2.57 g/cm³.
1. Superconductivity: One of the most significant applications of magnesium boride is in the field of superconductivity. Below its critical temperature of approximately 39 K (- 234 °C), magnesium boride exhibits zero electrical resistance and perfect diamagnetism. This property makes it very useful in the development of high - efficiency power transmission lines, superconducting magnets for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, and particle accelerators.
2. Hydrogen storage: Magnesium boride can be used as a potential hydrogen storage material. It can absorb and release hydrogen under certain conditions, which is crucial for the development of clean energy technologies such as fuel cells. The high hydrogen storage capacity and relatively mild absorption and desorption conditions make it a promising candidate in the hydrogen economy.
3. Semiconductor industry: Due to its unique electronic properties, magnesium boride has potential applications in the semiconductor industry. It can be used as a material for fabricating semiconductor devices, such as high - speed transistors and sensors.
1. Superconducting applications: When using magnesium boride in superconducting devices, it is usually fabricated into wires or thin films. The fabrication process often involves high - temperature sintering or physical vapor deposition techniques. Care should be taken to control the purity of the material and the quality of the crystal structure to ensure optimal superconducting performance. During operation, the temperature needs to be maintained below the critical temperature using a cryogenic system.
2. Hydrogen storage: In hydrogen storage applications, magnesium boride is typically placed in a hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen absorption process usually requires a certain temperature and pressure. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogen can be released by heating or reducing the pressure. It is necessary to ensure the safety of the storage and release process to prevent hydrogen leakage.
3. Semiconductor applications: For semiconductor applications, magnesium boride needs to be precisely processed into the required device structure. This may involve techniques such as photolithography and etching. The surface quality and doping level of magnesium boride need to be carefully controlled to achieve the desired electrical properties.
1. Superconducting power transmission line project: In a certain power grid upgrade project, magnesium boride superconducting wires were used. By using these wires, the power loss during transmission was significantly reduced compared to traditional copper wires. The project team first fabricated high - quality magnesium boride wires through a special sintering process. Then, they installed these wires in a cryogenic environment to ensure that the temperature was below the critical temperature. After the project was completed, the power transmission efficiency increased by about 30%, which effectively saved energy and reduced costs.
2. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle: A research team used magnesium boride as a hydrogen storage material in a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. They designed a hydrogen storage system based on magnesium boride that could store a sufficient amount of hydrogen for the vehicle to travel a long distance. The hydrogen release process was controlled by adjusting the temperature and pressure, ensuring a stable supply of hydrogen to the fuel cell. This vehicle demonstrated good performance in terms of range and energy efficiency, showing the potential of magnesium boride in the field of clean transportation.
3. Semiconductor sensor development: A company developed a new - type semiconductor sensor using magnesium boride. By precisely controlling the structure and doping of magnesium boride, the sensor achieved high sensitivity and fast response time. It was used in environmental monitoring applications to detect trace amounts of harmful gases. The sensor could accurately detect gas concentrations in real - time, providing important data for environmental protection and industrial safety.
Este é o William, Diretor Executivo da Zhishang Chemical Co., Ltd.
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