Ethyl levulinate, with the CAS number 539 - 88 - 8, is a well - known organic compound. It appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic fruity odor. The molecular formula of ethyl levulinate is C₇H₁₂O₃, and its molecular weight is approximately 144.17 g/mol.
It has a boiling point in the range of 196 - 197 °C at 760 mmHg and a density of about 1.01 g/cm³ at 20 °C. The refractive index is around 1.422 - 1.424. Ethyl levulinate is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and acetone.
Ethyl levulinate has a wide range of applications in various industries. In the food industry, it is used as a flavoring agent due to its pleasant fruity aroma. It can enhance the flavor of many food products, including beverages, candies, and baked goods.
In the chemical industry, it serves as an important intermediate for the synthesis of other organic compounds. It can be used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and plastics. For example, it can be used to synthesize certain drugs and pesticides, and also as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility and processability of plastics.
In the biofuel field, ethyl levulinate is considered a potential bio - based fuel additive. It can improve the combustion performance of fuels, reduce emissions, and enhance the overall efficiency of engines.
When using ethyl levulinate as a flavoring agent, it should be used in accordance with the relevant food safety regulations. Usually, it is added in small amounts during the food production process. The exact dosage depends on the specific product and the desired flavor intensity.
As a chemical intermediate, when using it in organic synthesis, appropriate reaction conditions should be selected according to the specific reaction requirements. This may include controlling the temperature, pressure, and reaction time. Appropriate catalysts and solvents may also need to be used. Safety precautions should be taken during the operation, such as wearing protective clothing, gloves, and goggles.
When using it as a biofuel additive, it should be mixed with the fuel in the correct proportion. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions or relevant industry standards to ensure the best performance of the fuel.
Case 1: A food company wanted to improve the flavor of its fruit - flavored beverages. They added a small amount of ethyl levulinate to their products. After conducting consumer surveys, they found that the acceptance rate of the new - flavored beverages increased significantly compared to the previous products. Consumers reported that the beverages had a more intense and natural fruit flavor.
Case 2: A chemical research institute was working on the synthesis of a new type of pesticide. They used ethyl levulinate as an intermediate in the synthetic process. By optimizing the reaction conditions, they were able to obtain the target pesticide with a high yield and purity. This new pesticide showed excellent pest - control effects in field trials.
Case 3: A biofuel company added ethyl levulinate to their diesel fuel. Through engine tests, they found that the addition of ethyl levulinate reduced the particulate matter emissions of the engine by about 20% and improved the fuel efficiency by about 10%. This made their bio - diesel more environmentally friendly and cost - effective.
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