Kinetin is a synthetic cytokinin with the chemical formula C₁₀H₉N₅O and a CAS number of 525 - 79 - 1. It is a white to off - white crystalline powder. The melting point of kinetin ranges from 266 - 267°C. It has a relatively low solubility in water, but it can dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Kinetin is stable under normal storage conditions if protected from light and moisture.
1. Plant Tissue Culture: Kinetin plays a crucial role in plant tissue culture. It promotes cell division, shoot initiation, and axillary bud development. By adjusting the concentration of kinetin in the culture medium, researchers can control the growth and differentiation of plant cells and tissues. For example, in the micropropagation of orchids, kinetin is often added to the medium to induce multiple shoot formation from explants.
2. Plant Growth Regulation: In agriculture, kinetin can be used as a plant growth regulator. It can delay leaf senescence, enhance chlorophyll synthesis, and improve the resistance of plants to stress factors such as drought, salinity, and disease. This helps to improve the overall health and yield of crops.
1. Preparation of Solution: First, choose an appropriate solvent. If using water, it may require gentle heating and stirring. For organic solvents, dissolve the required amount of kinetin according to the desired concentration. For example, if you need a 1 mg/mL solution, weigh 100 mg of kinetin and dissolve it in 100 mL of solvent.
2. Application in Plant Tissue Culture: Add the prepared kinetin solution to the autoclaved culture medium while the medium is still warm but not boiling. Stir well to ensure uniform distribution. The concentration of kinetin in the medium usually ranges from 0.1 - 10 mg/L, depending on the type of plant and the specific purpose of the culture.
3. Foliar Spray in Agriculture: Dilute the kinetin solution to an appropriate concentration (usually 1 - 100 ppm) and spray it evenly on the leaves of plants. The best time for foliar spray is usually in the morning or evening to avoid rapid evaporation.
1. Tomato Micropropagation: A research team aimed to increase the propagation efficiency of tomato plants. They added 2 mg/L of kinetin to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. After 4 weeks of culture, the explants showed a significant increase in shoot formation, with an average of 5 - 7 shoots per explant compared to only 1 - 2 shoots in the control group without kinetin.
2. Wheat Yield Improvement: In a field experiment, wheat plants were sprayed with a 50 ppm kinetin solution at the booting stage. The treated plants showed delayed leaf senescence, resulting in a longer photosynthetic period. At harvest, the yield of the treated wheat increased by 15% compared to the untreated group.
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