The product we are presenting here is Chloroacetyl Chloride, with the CAS number 1979 - 4 - 9. It is a colorless to light - yellow liquid with a pungent odor. The molecular formula of chloroacetyl chloride is C₂H₂Cl₂O, and its molecular weight is approximately 112.94 g/mol. This chemical has a boiling point in the range of 105 - 106°C and a melting point around - 22°C. It is highly soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and chloroform but reacts violently with water, releasing hydrochloric acid and chloroacetic acid. Chloroacetyl chloride has a relative density of about 1.422 g/mL at 25°C.
Chloroacetyl chloride is a versatile chemical with a wide range of applications. In the field of organic synthesis, it serves as an important acylating agent. It can be used to introduce the chloroacetyl group into various organic molecules, which is a key step in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes. For example, it is used in the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics. The chloroacetyl group can react with the amino group in the cephalosporin structure, modifying the properties of the drug and enhancing its antibacterial activity. In the production of pesticides, chloroacetyl chloride is used to synthesize herbicides and insecticides, providing effective solutions for crop protection. It can also be used in the manufacturing of dyes to improve the color - fastness and brightness of the final products.
When using chloroacetyl chloride, strict safety measures should be followed. It should be handled in a well - ventilated fume hood to prevent inhalation of its toxic vapors. Protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat must be worn. When adding chloroacetyl chloride to a reaction system, it is usually added slowly drop - wise to control the reaction rate and avoid violent reactions. The reaction temperature and time should be carefully controlled according to the specific reaction requirements. After the reaction is completed, the product should be purified by appropriate methods such as distillation or recrystallization to obtain a high - purity product. During storage, chloroacetyl chloride should be kept in a cool, dry, and well - sealed container, away from heat sources and incompatible substances such as water, bases, and oxidants.
Case 1: Pharmaceutical Synthesis
A pharmaceutical company was synthesizing a new cephalosporin antibiotic. They used chloroacetyl chloride as an acylating agent. First, they dissolved the appropriate cephalosporin intermediate in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane in a reaction flask. Then, they added chloroacetyl chloride drop - wise under stirring at a low temperature (around 0 - 5°C). The reaction was allowed to proceed for several hours at room temperature. After the reaction was completed, they washed the reaction mixture with water and a weak base solution to remove impurities. Finally, they purified the product by column chromatography. The yield of the final product was high, and the quality met the pharmaceutical standards.
Case 2: Pesticide Production
A pesticide manufacturer was producing a new herbicide. They used chloroacetyl chloride to react with a specific amine compound. They mixed the reactants in a suitable solvent in a reaction kettle. The reaction was carried out under reflux conditions for a certain period of time. After the reaction, they removed the solvent by distillation and purified the product by recrystallization. The resulting herbicide showed excellent weed - control performance in field tests.
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