Sodium Sulfate, with the CAS number 15124 - 09 - 1, is a white, crystalline solid. It is odorless and has a bitter, saline taste. The molecular formula of Sodium Sulfate is Na₂SO₄. Its molar mass is approximately 142.04 g/mol. Sodium Sulfate exists in different forms, including anhydrous (without water) and decahydrate (with ten water molecules), which is also known as Glauber's salt. The anhydrous form has a density of about 2.68 g/cm³, while the decahydrate form has a density of 1.464 g/cm³. It is soluble in water, and the solubility varies with temperature. At 20°C, the solubility of anhydrous Sodium Sulfate in water is about 19.5 g/100 mL.
Sodium Sulfate has a wide range of applications in various industries. In the detergent industry, it is used as a filler and viscosity regulator. It helps to improve the flow properties of detergent powders and reduces dusting. In the textile industry, Sodium Sulfate is used as a leveling agent in dyeing processes. It helps the dye to be evenly distributed on the fabric, resulting in a more uniform color. In the glass - making industry, it acts as a fining agent. It helps to remove small air bubbles from the molten glass, improving the clarity and quality of the final glass product. In addition, Sodium Sulfate is also used in the production of paper, as a raw material in the manufacturing of sodium salts and other chemicals.
When using Sodium Sulfate in the detergent industry, it is usually added during the mixing process of detergent ingredients. The recommended dosage is based on the specific formulation of the detergent. For textile dyeing, Sodium Sulfate is first dissolved in water to form a solution. The concentration of the solution depends on the type of dye and fabric. The fabric is then immersed in the dye bath containing the Sodium Sulfate solution, and the dyeing process is carried out according to the standard procedures. In glass - making, Sodium Sulfate is added to the glass batch at the appropriate stage of melting. The amount added is determined by the type and quality requirements of the glass. It is important to handle Sodium Sulfate with care. Wear appropriate protective equipment such as gloves and goggles when handling it, as it may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.
Case 1: Detergent Manufacturer
A detergent manufacturer was facing issues with the flowability of their powder detergent. The product tended to clump, which made it difficult for packaging and handling. After adding an appropriate amount of Sodium Sulfate as a filler, the flow properties of the detergent powder were significantly improved. The powder became more free - flowing, reducing the production downtime caused by clogging in the packaging equipment. This not only increased the production efficiency but also improved the overall quality of the detergent product.
Case 2: Textile Dyeing Company
A textile dyeing company was struggling with uneven dyeing results on cotton fabrics. By using Sodium Sulfate as a leveling agent in the dye bath, the dye was evenly distributed on the fabric. The color of the dyed fabrics became more consistent, and the rejection rate due to uneven dyeing was reduced from 15% to less than 5%. This led to significant cost savings and improved customer satisfaction.
Case 3: Glass - Making Factory
A glass - making factory was experiencing problems with air bubbles in their glass products. After adding Sodium Sulfate as a fining agent to the glass batch, the number of air bubbles in the final glass products was greatly reduced. The clarity and strength of the glass were improved, resulting in higher - quality glass products that could be sold at a better price.
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