Valeronitrile, with the CAS number 110 - 59 - 8, is a clear, colorless liquid. It has a molecular formula of C₅H₉N and a molecular weight of approximately 83.13 g/mol. The boiling point of valeronitrile is around 140 - 141 °C, and its melting point is -96 °C. It is slightly soluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and acetone. The density of valeronitrile is about 0.809 g/cm³ at 20 °C. It has a characteristic pungent odor.
1. **Chemical Synthesis**: Valeronitrile serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals. It can be used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes. For example, in the pharmaceutical industry, it can participate in reactions to form new drug - like compounds. The nitrile group in valeronitrile can be transformed into other functional groups, such as amines or carboxylic acids, which are important building blocks in drug synthesis.
2. **Solvent**: Due to its good solubility in many organic solvents and its relatively low boiling point, valeronitrile can be used as a solvent in some organic reactions. It can dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, facilitating chemical reactions to occur under milder conditions.
1. **Handling Precautions**: When handling valeronitrile, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn, including gloves, safety glasses, and a lab coat. It should be used in a well - ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood, to avoid inhalation of its vapors.
2. **Storage**: Valeronitrile should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources, open flames, and oxidizing agents. It should be kept in a tightly sealed container to prevent evaporation and contamination.
3. **Reaction Conditions**: In chemical reactions, the reaction conditions need to be carefully controlled. The reaction temperature, pressure, and the ratio of reactants should be optimized according to the specific reaction requirements. For example, in a reaction where valeronitrile is used as an intermediate, the reaction may need to be carried out under anhydrous conditions to prevent side reactions.
1. **Pharmaceutical Synthesis**: A pharmaceutical company was developing a new antihypertensive drug. They used valeronitrile as a starting material. First, valeronitrile was reacted with a specific Grignard reagent in an anhydrous ether solvent at low temperature. After a series of purification steps, the intermediate product was obtained. Then, through further chemical modifications, the final antihypertensive drug was synthesized. This process not only improved the yield of the drug synthesis but also reduced the reaction time compared to other traditional methods.
2. **Dye Production**: A dye manufacturer used valeronitrile in the synthesis of a new type of azo dye. Valeronitrile was first subjected to a hydrolysis reaction to form the corresponding carboxylic acid. Then, this carboxylic acid was coupled with an aromatic amine to form an azo dye. The resulting dye had excellent color fastness and solubility in organic solvents, which was suitable for use in textile dyeing.
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