Trioctylamine, with the CAS number 1116 - 76 - 3, is a tertiary amine. It appears as a colorless to pale - yellow liquid. The molecular formula of trioctylamine is C₂₄H₅₁N, and its molecular weight is approximately 353.67 g/mol. It has a boiling point in the range of 365 - 367 °C and a density of about 0.811 g/cm³ at 20 °C. This product is insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. Trioctylamine is commonly supplied by factories, ensuring a stable source of high - quality product with a best - price guarantee.
1. **Extraction Agent**: Trioctylamine is widely used as an extraction agent in the hydrometallurgy industry. It can selectively extract metal ions such as cobalt, nickel, and copper from aqueous solutions. For example, in the extraction of cobalt from a mixed metal solution, trioctylamine forms a complex with cobalt ions, which can then be separated from other metals.
2. **Catalyst**: It can act as a catalyst in some organic reactions. In the synthesis of certain esters, trioctylamine can accelerate the reaction rate and improve the yield. For instance, in the esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, trioctylamine can promote the formation of the ester bond.
3. **Emulsifier and Surfactant**: Due to its amphiphilic nature, trioctylamine can be used as an emulsifier and surfactant in the production of various emulsions and colloidal systems. It helps to stabilize the interface between two immiscible phases, such as oil and water.
1. **Extraction Process**: When using trioctylamine as an extraction agent, first, prepare the organic phase by dissolving trioctylamine in a suitable organic solvent, such as kerosene. Then, mix the organic phase with the aqueous solution containing the target metal ions. Stir the mixture thoroughly to ensure good contact between the two phases. After separation, the metal - loaded organic phase can be further processed to recover the metal.
2. **Catalytic Reaction**: In a catalytic reaction, add an appropriate amount of trioctylamine to the reaction mixture. The amount of trioctylamine depends on the nature and scale of the reaction. Monitor the reaction conditions, such as temperature and reaction time, to ensure the optimal reaction results. After the reaction is completed, the trioctylamine can be separated and recovered for reuse if possible.
3. **Emulsion and Surfactant Application**: For emulsion and surfactant applications, add trioctylamine to the system during the formulation process. Determine the correct dosage based on the desired properties of the emulsion or colloidal system. Stir or homogenize the mixture to ensure uniform distribution of trioctylamine in the system.
**Case 1: Metal Extraction in a Mining Company**
A mining company was facing the challenge of separating cobalt and nickel from a complex ore leach solution. They decided to use trioctylamine as an extraction agent. First, they prepared an organic phase by dissolving trioctylamine in kerosene with a concentration of 15% (v/v). The organic phase was then mixed with the aqueous leach solution in a mixer - settler unit. After several stages of extraction, the recovery rate of cobalt reached over 90%, and the separation from nickel was very effective. This not only improved the efficiency of metal recovery but also reduced the production cost.
**Case 2: Ester Synthesis in a Chemical Factory**
A chemical factory was producing a high - value - added ester product. By using trioctylamine as a catalyst, they were able to increase the reaction rate by 30%. The reaction time was reduced from 8 hours to 5 hours, and the yield of the ester increased from 70% to 85%. The factory was able to achieve higher production capacity and better economic benefits.
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