4 - Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), with the CAS number 1122 - 58 - 3, is a highly effective acylating catalyst. It appears as a white to light - yellow crystalline powder. The molecular formula of DMAP is C₇H₁₀N₂, and it has a molecular weight of 122.17 g/mol. DMAP has a melting point in the range of 111 - 114°C and a boiling point of 211 - 212°C at 760 mmHg. It has a relatively high solubility in common organic solvents such as chloroform, methanol, and acetone, but is sparingly soluble in water. This product is typically provided by our factory at the best price, ensuring high - quality standards and large - scale supply.
DMAP has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry. Firstly, it is extensively used as a catalyst in acylation reactions. In the synthesis of esters, amides, and other acyl - containing compounds, DMAP can significantly increase the reaction rate and improve the yield and selectivity of the reaction. For example, in the preparation of pharmaceutical intermediates, DMAP - catalyzed acylation reactions can help produce more pure and high - quality products. Secondly, DMAP is also used in the field of polymer chemistry. It can be used as an initiator or catalyst in the polymerization of certain monomers, which helps to control the molecular weight and distribution of polymers, thereby improving the performance of polymers. Additionally, DMAP has applications in the modification of natural products. By using DMAP - mediated reactions, the chemical properties of natural products can be altered, which is beneficial for the development of new drugs and functional materials.
When using DMAP, the first step is to select an appropriate reaction system. Since DMAP is soluble in many organic solvents, a suitable solvent needs to be chosen according to the nature of the reactants. For most acylation reactions, solvents such as dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran are commonly used. The amount of DMAP used as a catalyst is usually a small molar fraction relative to the reactants, typically in the range of 1 - 10 mol%. First, dissolve DMAP in the selected solvent, and then add the reactants step - by - step while stirring. The reaction temperature also needs to be precisely controlled. Generally, acylation reactions catalyzed by DMAP can be carried out at room temperature or under mild heating conditions. After the reaction is completed, the product can be isolated and purified by conventional methods such as extraction, distillation, and crystallization.
Case 1: Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis
A pharmaceutical company was synthesizing a new anti - inflammatory drug intermediate. They used DMAP as a catalyst in the acylation reaction of a hydroxyl - containing compound with an acyl chloride. By using 5 mol% of DMAP in dichloromethane as the solvent at room temperature, the reaction time was reduced from several hours to less than one hour compared to traditional methods. The yield of the target intermediate increased from 60% to over 90%, and the purity also improved significantly, which greatly accelerated the drug development process.
Case 2: Polymer Modification
In a research project on polymer modification, a team used DMAP to catalyze the reaction between a hydroxyl - terminated polymer and an anhydride. The reaction was carried out in tetrahydrofuran at 50°C with 3 mol% of DMAP. As a result, the modified polymer had a more uniform molecular weight distribution and improved thermal stability, which expanded its application potential in high - performance materials.
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