Tributyl borate, with the CAS number 688 - 74 - 4, is a chemical compound often supplied directly from factories at a low price. Its molecular formula is C₁₂H₂₇BO₃, and it has a molecular weight of approximately 230.15 g/mol. Physically, it is a clear, colorless liquid. It has a relatively low boiling point, around 230 - 235 °C, and a density of about 0.85 - 0.86 g/cm³ at 25 °C. It is soluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene but is insoluble in water.
Tributyl borate has a wide range of applications in various industries. In the chemical industry, it is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other boron - containing compounds. It can react with different substances to form new boron - based materials with unique properties. For example, it can be used in the production of boronate esters, which are important in organic synthesis for carbon - carbon bond formation reactions. In the field of materials science, it serves as a component in the preparation of high - performance polymers. Adding tributyl borate can improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame - retardant properties of polymers. In the fuel industry, it can be used as an additive to improve the combustion performance of fuels. It can enhance the octane number of gasoline, reduce engine knocking, and increase fuel efficiency.
When using tributyl borate, it is crucial to follow safety procedures. First, make sure you are in a well - ventilated area to avoid inhalation of its vapors. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical - resistant gloves and goggles. When handling the liquid, use a suitable container made of materials that are resistant to chemical corrosion, such as glass or certain types of plastics. To use it in chemical reactions, accurately measure the required amount according to the reaction formula. It can be added to the reaction mixture slowly while stirring continuously to ensure uniform mixing. If it is used as an additive in fuels or polymers, it should be thoroughly mixed with the base material to achieve the best performance improvement.
Case 1: Polymer Modification
A polymer manufacturing company was facing issues with the poor mechanical properties of their polycarbonate products. They decided to use tributyl borate as an additive. By adding 5% tributyl borate to the polycarbonate during the polymerization process, they observed a significant improvement in the tensile strength and impact resistance of the final product. The modified polycarbonate could withstand higher stress without breaking, making it suitable for applications in the automotive and electronics industries.
Case 2: Fuel Enhancement
An independent fuel testing laboratory conducted a series of tests on gasoline with and without tributyl borate. They added 0.1% tributyl borate to a sample of regular gasoline. The results showed that the octane number of the gasoline increased from 92 to 95. In engine tests, the gasoline with tributyl borate exhibited better combustion efficiency, resulting in a 5% increase in fuel mileage and a reduction in harmful emissions, such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
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