Tranexamic acid, with the CAS number 1197 - 18 - 8, is a synthetic amino acid that is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. Its chemical formula is C8H15NO2. The molecular weight of tranexamic acid is approximately 157.21 g/mol.
It exists as a white, crystalline powder that is odorless or almost odorless. It is freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ether. The melting point of tranexamic acid ranges from 233 - 237°C.
Tranexamic acid has a wide range of applications in the medical and cosmetic fields. In the medical field, it is mainly used to prevent and treat excessive bleeding. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of blood clots, thus reducing blood loss. For example, it is commonly used in surgeries such as dental extractions, orthopedic surgeries, and cardiac surgeries to minimize bleeding.
It is also used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding in women. By reducing the breakdown of blood clots in the uterus, it can effectively decrease the amount of menstrual flow. In addition, tranexamic acid has been used in the treatment of hemophilia to control bleeding episodes.
In the cosmetic industry, tranexamic acid is used in skin - care products. It can inhibit the production of melanin, which helps to fade dark spots, melasma, and other pigmentation problems, resulting in a more even skin tone.
The usage of tranexamic acid varies depending on its application. In the medical field, when used for oral administration to treat heavy menstrual bleeding, the typical adult dose is 1300 mg (two 650 - mg tablets) taken three times a day for up to 5 days during menstruation. When used in surgical settings, it can be administered intravenously. The dosage is usually determined by the surgeon based on the type and scale of the surgery.
For topical use in skin - care products, it should be applied evenly to the affected area of the skin, following the instructions on the product label. It is important to note that a patch test should be conducted first to check for any allergic reactions.
Medical Case: A 45 - year - old female patient suffered from heavy menstrual bleeding for several months, which seriously affected her quality of life. After being prescribed tranexamic acid, she took 1300 mg three times a day during her menstrual period. Within two cycles of treatment, her menstrual flow significantly decreased, and she reported feeling more energetic and less fatigued.
Surgical Case: In a major orthopedic surgery, a patient was at high risk of excessive bleeding. Intravenous tranexamic acid was administered before and during the surgery. As a result, the blood loss during the operation was much lower than expected, and the patient recovered faster without the need for additional blood transfusions.
Cosmetic Case: A 32 - year - old woman had melasma on her face due to sun exposure. She started using a skin - care product containing tranexamic acid. After continuous use for three months, the dark spots on her face gradually faded, and her skin became more radiant and even - toned.
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